PENEKANAN DOKTRIN PRA-INKARNASI ANAK ALLAH: ANALISIS BIBLIKA, PATRISTIK, DAN TEOLOGI SISTEMATIS TERHADAP KEILAHIAN YESUS YANG KEKAL

Abstract

The doctrine of the pre-incarnation of the Son of God is an ontological foundation of classical Christology because it affirms the eternal existence of the Logos prior to His incarnation in history. This article aims to explore the biblical basis, the understanding of the early church tradition, and the construction of systematic theology concerning the pre-incarnate Christ as the divine Person consubstantial with the Father. The study begins with an analysis of key biblical texts such as John 1:1, Colossians 1:15–17, and Philippians 2:6–7, which affirm the existence of the Word prior to creation. A historical patristic examination demonstrates the early church’s consensus through figures such as Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Athanasius that Christ is not a created being but the eternal divine Person who participates in both creation and divine revelation. A systematic theological approach further establishes that pre-incarnation is not merely a dogmatic tradition but a theological reality that upholds the integrity of the doctrines of incarnation, Trinity, and Christian soteriology. Without the affirmation of the pre-existence of the Son of God, the uniqueness of Christian Christology and the metaphysical grounding of divine salvation would be rendered insufficient. Therefore, this study asserts the enduring significance of the pre-incarnate Christ as the center of Christology, especially in engaging the shifting landscape of contemporary theological thought